SUI happens when the muscles supporting the bladder and urethra weaken. Several factors contribute to this, including:

• Pregnancy and childbirth – The strain of childbirth can weaken pelvic floor muscles.
• Aging – As we age, muscle strength decreases, including those that control urination.
• Menopause – Hormonal changes can affect the pelvic floor muscles.
• Chronic coughing – Conditions like asthma or smoking-related coughing can strain these muscles.
• Obesity – Extra weight increases pressure on the bladder.
• Previous pelvic surgery – Surgeries like hysterectomy can weaken pelvic support structures.

The most common symptom of SUI is urine leakage when engaging in activities that put pressure on the bladder, such as:

• Sneezing or coughing
• Laughing
• Exercising or lifting heavy objects
• Standing up suddenly

A doctor will typically diagnose SUI through a combination of:

• Medical history review
• Physical examination (including a pelvic exam)
• Bladder function tests to assess how well the bladder holds and releases urine

The good news is that SUI is manageable, and various treatments can help:

1. Lifestyle Changes

• Weight management – Losing excess weight reduces pressure on the bladder.
• Bladder training – Going to the bathroom at scheduled times helps control leakage.
• Dietary changes – Reducing caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods can prevent bladder irritation.

2. Pelvic Floor Exercises (Kegels)

Strengthening pelvic floor muscles can improve bladder control. Regularly doing Kegel exercises helps prevent and reduce urinary leakage.

3. Medical Treatments

• Pessary devices – Small, removable devices inserted into the vagina to support the bladder.
• Medications – Some medicines may help strengthen the bladder muscles.

4. Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Sling procedures – A small piece of mesh or tissue is placed under the urethra to provide support.
• Bulking agents – Injections that help the urethra stay closed and reduce leakage.

5. Surgery (For Severe Cases)

If non-surgical treatments don’t work, surgery may be recommended to restore bladder support.

If urinary leakage is affecting your daily activities or quality of life, consult a healthcare professional. Early intervention can prevent the condition from worsening and improve your well-being.